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File Content: `traceback.py`

import inspect
import linecache
import os
import sys
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from itertools import islice
from traceback import walk_tb
from types import ModuleType, TracebackType
from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    Tuple,
    Type,
    Union,
)

from pip._vendor.pygments.lexers import guess_lexer_for_filename
from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Comment, Keyword, Name, Number, Operator, String
from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Text as TextToken
from pip._vendor.pygments.token import Token
from pip._vendor.pygments.util import ClassNotFound

from . import pretty
from ._loop import loop_first_last, loop_last
from .columns import Columns
from .console import (
    Console,
    ConsoleOptions,
    ConsoleRenderable,
    Group,
    RenderResult,
    group,
)
from .constrain import Constrain
from .highlighter import RegexHighlighter, ReprHighlighter
from .panel import Panel
from .scope import render_scope
from .style import Style
from .syntax import Syntax, SyntaxPosition
from .text import Text
from .theme import Theme

WINDOWS = sys.platform == "win32"

LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH = 10
LOCALS_MAX_STRING = 80


def _iter_syntax_lines(
    start: SyntaxPosition, end: SyntaxPosition
) -> Iterable[Tuple[int, int, int]]:
    """Yield start and end positions per line.

    Args:
        start: Start position.
        end: End position.

    Returns:
        Iterable of (LINE, COLUMN1, COLUMN2).
    """

    line1, column1 = start
    line2, column2 = end

    if line1 == line2:
        yield line1, column1, column2
    else:
        for first, last, line_no in loop_first_last(range(line1, line2 + 1)):
            if first:
                yield line_no, column1, -1
            elif last:
                yield line_no, 0, column2
            else:
                yield line_no, 0, -1


def install(
    *,
    console: Optional[Console] = None,
    width: Optional[int] = 100,
    code_width: Optional[int] = 88,
    extra_lines: int = 3,
    theme: Optional[str] = None,
    word_wrap: bool = False,
    show_locals: bool = False,
    locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
    locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
    locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
    locals_hide_sunder: Optional[bool] = None,
    indent_guides: bool = True,
    suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
    max_frames: int = 100,
) -> Callable[[Type[BaseException], BaseException, Optional[TracebackType]], Any]:
    """Install a rich traceback handler.

    Once installed, any tracebacks will be printed with syntax highlighting and rich formatting.


    Args:
        console (Optional[Console], optional): Console to write exception to. Default uses internal Console instance.
        width (Optional[int], optional): Width (in characters) of traceback. Defaults to 100.
        code_width (Optional[int], optional): Code width (in characters) of traceback. Defaults to 88.
        extra_lines (int, optional): Extra lines of code. Defaults to 3.
        theme (Optional[str], optional): Pygments theme to use in traceback. Defaults to ``None`` which will pick
            a theme appropriate for the platform.
        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
            Defaults to 10.
        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.

    Returns:
        Callable: The previous exception handler that was replaced.

    """
    traceback_console = Console(stderr=True) if console is None else console

    locals_hide_sunder = (
        True
        if (traceback_console.is_jupyter and locals_hide_sunder is None)
        else locals_hide_sunder
    )

    def excepthook(
        type_: Type[BaseException],
        value: BaseException,
        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
    ) -> None:
        exception_traceback = Traceback.from_exception(
            type_,
            value,
            traceback,
            width=width,
            code_width=code_width,
            extra_lines=extra_lines,
            theme=theme,
            word_wrap=word_wrap,
            show_locals=show_locals,
            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
            locals_hide_sunder=bool(locals_hide_sunder),
            indent_guides=indent_guides,
            suppress=suppress,
            max_frames=max_frames,
        )
        traceback_console.print(exception_traceback)

    def ipy_excepthook_closure(ip: Any) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
        tb_data = {}  # store information about showtraceback call
        default_showtraceback = ip.showtraceback  # keep reference of default traceback

        def ipy_show_traceback(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
            """wrap the default ip.showtraceback to store info for ip._showtraceback"""
            nonlocal tb_data
            tb_data = kwargs
            default_showtraceback(*args, **kwargs)

        def ipy_display_traceback(
            *args: Any, is_syntax: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
        ) -> None:
            """Internally called traceback from ip._showtraceback"""
            nonlocal tb_data
            exc_tuple = ip._get_exc_info()

            # do not display trace on syntax error
            tb: Optional[TracebackType] = None if is_syntax else exc_tuple[2]

            # determine correct tb_offset
            compiled = tb_data.get("running_compiled_code", False)
            tb_offset = tb_data.get("tb_offset", 1 if compiled else 0)
            # remove ipython internal frames from trace with tb_offset
            for _ in range(tb_offset):
                if tb is None:
                    break
                tb = tb.tb_next

            excepthook(exc_tuple[0], exc_tuple[1], tb)
            tb_data = {}  # clear data upon usage

        # replace _showtraceback instead of showtraceback to allow ipython features such as debugging to work
        # this is also what the ipython docs recommends to modify when subclassing InteractiveShell
        ip._showtraceback = ipy_display_traceback
        # add wrapper to capture tb_data
        ip.showtraceback = ipy_show_traceback
        ip.showsyntaxerror = lambda *args, **kwargs: ipy_display_traceback(
            *args, is_syntax=True, **kwargs
        )

    try:  # pragma: no cover
        # if within ipython, use customized traceback
        ip = get_ipython()  # type: ignore[name-defined]
        ipy_excepthook_closure(ip)
        return sys.excepthook
    except Exception:
        # otherwise use default system hook
        old_excepthook = sys.excepthook
        sys.excepthook = excepthook
        return old_excepthook


@dataclass
class Frame:
    filename: str
    lineno: int
    name: str
    line: str = ""
    locals: Optional[Dict[str, pretty.Node]] = None
    last_instruction: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int]]] = None


@dataclass
class _SyntaxError:
    offset: int
    filename: str
    line: str
    lineno: int
    msg: str
    notes: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)


@dataclass
class Stack:
    exc_type: str
    exc_value: str
    syntax_error: Optional[_SyntaxError] = None
    is_cause: bool = False
    frames: List[Frame] = field(default_factory=list)
    notes: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
    is_group: bool = False
    exceptions: List["Trace"] = field(default_factory=list)


@dataclass
class Trace:
    stacks: List[Stack]


class PathHighlighter(RegexHighlighter):
    highlights = [r"(?P<dim>.*/)(?P<bold>.+)"]


class Traceback:
    """A Console renderable that renders a traceback.

    Args:
        trace (Trace, optional): A `Trace` object produced from `extract`. Defaults to None, which uses
            the last exception.
        width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
        code_width (Optional[int], optional): Number of code characters used to traceback. Defaults to 88.
        extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
        theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
        word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
        show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
        indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
        locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
            Defaults to 10.
        locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
        locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
        locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
        suppress (Sequence[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
        max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.

    """

    LEXERS = {
        "": "text",
        ".py": "python",
        ".pxd": "cython",
        ".pyx": "cython",
        ".pxi": "pyrex",
    }

    def __init__(
        self,
        trace: Optional[Trace] = None,
        *,
        width: Optional[int] = 100,
        code_width: Optional[int] = 88,
        extra_lines: int = 3,
        theme: Optional[str] = None,
        word_wrap: bool = False,
        show_locals: bool = False,
        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
        indent_guides: bool = True,
        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
        max_frames: int = 100,
    ):
        if trace is None:
            exc_type, exc_value, traceback = sys.exc_info()
            if exc_type is None or exc_value is None or traceback is None:
                raise ValueError(
                    "Value for 'trace' required if not called in except: block"
                )
            trace = self.extract(
                exc_type, exc_value, traceback, show_locals=show_locals
            )
        self.trace = trace
        self.width = width
        self.code_width = code_width
        self.extra_lines = extra_lines
        self.theme = Syntax.get_theme(theme or "ansi_dark")
        self.word_wrap = word_wrap
        self.show_locals = show_locals
        self.indent_guides = indent_guides
        self.locals_max_length = locals_max_length
        self.locals_max_string = locals_max_string
        self.locals_hide_dunder = locals_hide_dunder
        self.locals_hide_sunder = locals_hide_sunder

        self.suppress: Sequence[str] = []
        for suppress_entity in suppress:
            if not isinstance(suppress_entity, str):
                assert (
                    suppress_entity.__file__ is not None
                ), f"{suppress_entity!r} must be a module with '__file__' attribute"
                path = os.path.dirname(suppress_entity.__file__)
            else:
                path = suppress_entity
            path = os.path.normpath(os.path.abspath(path))
            self.suppress.append(path)
        self.max_frames = max(4, max_frames) if max_frames > 0 else 0

    @classmethod
    def from_exception(
        cls,
        exc_type: Type[Any],
        exc_value: BaseException,
        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
        *,
        width: Optional[int] = 100,
        code_width: Optional[int] = 88,
        extra_lines: int = 3,
        theme: Optional[str] = None,
        word_wrap: bool = False,
        show_locals: bool = False,
        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
        indent_guides: bool = True,
        suppress: Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]] = (),
        max_frames: int = 100,
    ) -> "Traceback":
        """Create a traceback from exception info

        Args:
            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
            width (Optional[int], optional): Number of characters used to traceback. Defaults to 100.
            code_width (Optional[int], optional): Number of code characters used to traceback. Defaults to 88.
            extra_lines (int, optional): Additional lines of code to render. Defaults to 3.
            theme (str, optional): Override pygments theme used in traceback.
            word_wrap (bool, optional): Enable word wrapping of long lines. Defaults to False.
            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
            indent_guides (bool, optional): Enable indent guides in code and locals. Defaults to True.
            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
                Defaults to 10.
            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.
            suppress (Iterable[Union[str, ModuleType]]): Optional sequence of modules or paths to exclude from traceback.
            max_frames (int): Maximum number of frames to show in a traceback, 0 for no maximum. Defaults to 100.

        Returns:
            Traceback: A Traceback instance that may be printed.
        """
        rich_traceback = cls.extract(
            exc_type,
            exc_value,
            traceback,
            show_locals=show_locals,
            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
        )

        return cls(
            rich_traceback,
            width=width,
            code_width=code_width,
            extra_lines=extra_lines,
            theme=theme,
            word_wrap=word_wrap,
            show_locals=show_locals,
            indent_guides=indent_guides,
            locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
            locals_max_string=locals_max_string,
            locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
            locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
            suppress=suppress,
            max_frames=max_frames,
        )

    @classmethod
    def extract(
        cls,
        exc_type: Type[BaseException],
        exc_value: BaseException,
        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
        *,
        show_locals: bool = False,
        locals_max_length: int = LOCALS_MAX_LENGTH,
        locals_max_string: int = LOCALS_MAX_STRING,
        locals_hide_dunder: bool = True,
        locals_hide_sunder: bool = False,
    ) -> Trace:
        """Extract traceback information.

        Args:
            exc_type (Type[BaseException]): Exception type.
            exc_value (BaseException): Exception value.
            traceback (TracebackType): Python Traceback object.
            show_locals (bool, optional): Enable display of local variables. Defaults to False.
            locals_max_length (int, optional): Maximum length of containers before abbreviating, or None for no abbreviation.
                Defaults to 10.
            locals_max_string (int, optional): Maximum length of string before truncating, or None to disable. Defaults to 80.
            locals_hide_dunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with double underscore. Defaults to True.
            locals_hide_sunder (bool, optional): Hide locals prefixed with single underscore. Defaults to False.

        Returns:
            Trace: A Trace instance which you can use to construct a `Traceback`.
        """

        stacks: List[Stack] = []
        is_cause = False

        from pip._vendor.rich import _IMPORT_CWD

        notes: List[str] = getattr(exc_value, "__notes__", None) or []

        def safe_str(_object: Any) -> str:
            """Don't allow exceptions from __str__ to propagate."""
            try:
                return str(_object)
            except Exception:
                return "<exception str() failed>"

        while True:
            stack = Stack(
                exc_type=safe_str(exc_type.__name__),
                exc_value=safe_str(exc_value),
                is_cause=is_cause,
                notes=notes,
            )

            if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
                if isinstance(exc_value, (BaseExceptionGroup, ExceptionGroup)):
                    stack.is_group = True
                    for exception in exc_value.exceptions:
                        stack.exceptions.append(
                            Traceback.extract(
                                type(exception),
                                exception,
                                exception.__traceback__,
                                show_locals=show_locals,
                                locals_max_length=locals_max_length,
                                locals_hide_dunder=locals_hide_dunder,
                                locals_hide_sunder=locals_hide_sunder,
                            )
                        )

            if isinstance(exc_value, SyntaxError):
                stack.syntax_error = _SyntaxError(
                    offset=exc_value.offset or 0,
                    filename=exc_value.filename or "?",
                    lineno=exc_value.lineno or 0,
                    line=exc_value.text or "",
                    msg=exc_value.msg,
                    notes=notes,
                )

            stacks.append(stack)
            append = stack.frames.append

            def get_locals(
                iter_locals: Iterable[Tuple[str, object]],
            ) -> Iterable[Tuple[str, object]]:
                """Extract locals from an iterator of key pairs."""
                if not (locals_hide_dunder or locals_hide_sunder):
                    yield from iter_locals
                    return
                for key, value in iter_locals:
                    if locals_hide_dunder and key.startswith("__"):
                        continue
                    if locals_hide_sunder and key.startswith("_"):
                        continue
                    yield key, value

            for frame_summary, line_no in walk_tb(traceback):
                filename = frame_summary.f_code.co_filename

                last_instruction: Optional[Tuple[Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int]]]
                last_instruction = None
                if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
                    instruction_index = frame_summary.f_lasti // 2
                    instruction_position = next(
                        islice(
                            frame_summary.f_code.co_positions(),
                            instruction_index,
                            instruction_index + 1,
                        )
                    )
                    (
                        start_line,
                        end_line,
                        start_column,
                        end_column,
                    ) = instruction_position
                    if (
                        start_line is not None
                        and end_line is not None
                        and start_column is not None
                        and end_column is not None
                    ):
                        last_instruction = (
                            (start_line, start_column),
                            (end_line, end_column),
                        )

                if filename and not filename.startswith("<"):
                    if not os.path.isabs(filename):
                        filename = os.path.join(_IMPORT_CWD, filename)
                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_omit", False):
                    continue

                frame = Frame(
                    filename=filename or "?",
                    lineno=line_no,
                    name=frame_summary.f_code.co_name,
                    locals=(
                        {
                            key: pretty.traverse(
                                value,
                                max_length=locals_max_length,
                                max_string=locals_max_string,
                            )
                            for key, value in get_locals(frame_summary.f_locals.items())
                            if not (inspect.isfunction(value) or inspect.isclass(value))
                        }
                        if show_locals
                        else None
                    ),
                    last_instruction=last_instruction,
                )
                append(frame)
                if frame_summary.f_locals.get("_rich_traceback_guard", False):
                    del stack.frames[:]

            cause = getattr(exc_value, "__cause__", None)
            if cause:
                exc_type = cause.__class__
                exc_value = cause
                # __traceback__ can be None, e.g. for exceptions raised by the
                # 'multiprocessing' module
                traceback = cause.__traceback__
                is_cause = True
                continue

            cause = exc_value.__context__
            if cause and not getattr(exc_value, "__suppress_context__", False):
                exc_type = cause.__class__
                exc_value = cause
                traceback = cause.__traceback__
                is_cause = False
                continue
            # No cover, code is reached but coverage doesn't recognize it.
            break  # pragma: no cover

        trace = Trace(stacks=stacks)

        return trace

    def __rich_console__(
        self, console: Console, options: ConsoleOptions
    ) -> RenderResult:
        theme = self.theme
        background_style = theme.get_background_style()
        token_style = theme.get_style_for_token

        traceback_theme = Theme(
            {
                "pretty": token_style(TextToken),
                "pygments.text": token_style(Token),
                "pygments.string": token_style(String),
                "pygments.function": token_style(Name.Function),
                "pygments.number": token_style(Number),
                "repr.indent": token_style(Comment) + Style(dim=True),
                "repr.str": token_style(String),
                "repr.brace": token_style(TextToken) + Style(bold=True),
                "repr.number": token_style(Number),
                "repr.bool_true": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
                "repr.bool_false": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
                "repr.none": token_style(Keyword.Constant),
                "scope.border": token_style(String.Delimiter),
                "scope.equals": token_style(Operator),
                "scope.key": token_style(Name),
                "scope.key.special": token_style(Name.Constant) + Style(dim=True),
            },
            inherit=False,
        )

        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()

        @group()
        def render_stack(stack: Stack, last: bool) -> RenderResult:
            if stack.frames:
                stack_renderable: ConsoleRenderable = Panel(
                    self._render_stack(stack),
                    title="[traceback.title]Traceback [dim](most recent call last)",
                    style=background_style,
                    border_style="traceback.border",
                    expand=True,
                    padding=(0, 1),
                )
                stack_renderable = Constrain(stack_renderable, self.width)
                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
                    yield stack_renderable

            if stack.syntax_error is not None:
                with console.use_theme(traceback_theme):
                    yield Constrain(
                        Panel(
                            self._render_syntax_error(stack.syntax_error),
                            style=background_style,
                            border_style="traceback.border.syntax_error",
                            expand=True,
                            padding=(0, 1),
                            width=self.width,
                        ),
                        self.width,
                    )
                yield Text.assemble(
                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
                    highlighter(stack.syntax_error.msg),
                )
            elif stack.exc_value:
                yield Text.assemble(
                    (f"{stack.exc_type}: ", "traceback.exc_type"),
                    highlighter(stack.exc_value),
                )
            else:
                yield Text.assemble((f"{stack.exc_type}", "traceback.exc_type"))

            for note in stack.notes:
                yield Text.assemble(("[NOTE] ", "traceback.note"), highlighter(note))

            if stack.is_group:
                for group_no, group_exception in enumerate(stack.exceptions, 1):
                    grouped_exceptions: List[Group] = []
                    for group_last, group_stack in loop_last(group_exception.stacks):
                        grouped_exceptions.append(render_stack(group_stack, group_last))
                    yield ""
                    yield Constrain(
                        Panel(
                            Group(*grouped_exceptions),
                            title=f"Sub-exception #{group_no}",
                            border_style="traceback.group.border",
                        ),
                        self.width,
                    )

            if not last:
                if stack.is_cause:
                    yield Text.from_markup(
                        "\n[i]The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:\n",
                    )
                else:
                    yield Text.from_markup(
                        "\n[i]During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
                    )

        for last, stack in loop_last(reversed(self.trace.stacks)):
            yield render_stack(stack, last)

    @group()
    def _render_syntax_error(self, syntax_error: _SyntaxError) -> RenderResult:
        highlighter = ReprHighlighter()
        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
        if syntax_error.filename != "<stdin>":
            if os.path.exists(syntax_error.filename):
                text = Text.assemble(
                    (f" {syntax_error.filename}", "pygments.string"),
                    (":", "pygments.text"),
                    (str(syntax_error.lineno), "pygments.number"),
                    style="pygments.text",
                )
                yield path_highlighter(text)
        syntax_error_text = highlighter(syntax_error.line.rstrip())
        syntax_error_text.no_wrap = True
        offset = min(syntax_error.offset - 1, len(syntax_error_text))
        syntax_error_text.stylize("bold underline", offset, offset)
        syntax_error_text += Text.from_markup(
            "\n" + " " * offset + "[traceback.offset]▲[/]",
            style="pygments.text",
        )
        yield syntax_error_text

    @classmethod
    def _guess_lexer(cls, filename: str, code: str) -> str:
        ext = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1]
        if not ext:
            # No extension, look at first line to see if it is a hashbang
            # Note, this is an educated guess and not a guarantee
            # If it fails, the only downside is that the code is highlighted strangely
            new_line_index = code.index("\n")
            first_line = code[:new_line_index] if new_line_index != -1 else code
            if first_line.startswith("#!") and "python" in first_line.lower():
                return "python"
        try:
            return cls.LEXERS.get(ext) or guess_lexer_for_filename(filename, code).name
        except ClassNotFound:
            return "text"

    @group()
    def _render_stack(self, stack: Stack) -> RenderResult:
        path_highlighter = PathHighlighter()
        theme = self.theme

        def render_locals(frame: Frame) -> Iterable[ConsoleRenderable]:
            if frame.locals:
                yield render_scope(
                    frame.locals,
                    title="locals",
                    indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
                    max_length=self.locals_max_length,
                    max_string=self.locals_max_string,
                )

        exclude_frames: Optional[range] = None
        if self.max_frames != 0:
            exclude_frames = range(
                self.max_frames // 2,
                len(stack.frames) - self.max_frames // 2,
            )

        excluded = False
        for frame_index, frame in enumerate(stack.frames):
            if exclude_frames and frame_index in exclude_frames:
                excluded = True
                continue

            if excluded:
                assert exclude_frames is not None
                yield Text(
                    f"\n... {len(exclude_frames)} frames hidden ...",
                    justify="center",
                    style="traceback.error",
                )
                excluded = False

            first = frame_index == 0
            frame_filename = frame.filename
            suppressed = any(frame_filename.startswith(path) for path in self.suppress)

            if os.path.exists(frame.filename):
                text = Text.assemble(
                    path_highlighter(Text(frame.filename, style="pygments.string")),
                    (":", "pygments.text"),
                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
                    " in ",
                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
                    style="pygments.text",
                )
            else:
                text = Text.assemble(
                    "in ",
                    (frame.name, "pygments.function"),
                    (":", "pygments.text"),
                    (str(frame.lineno), "pygments.number"),
                    style="pygments.text",
                )
            if not frame.filename.startswith("<") and not first:
                yield ""
            yield text
            if frame.filename.startswith("<"):
                yield from render_locals(frame)
                continue
            if not suppressed:
                try:
                    code_lines = linecache.getlines(frame.filename)
                    code = "".join(code_lines)
                    if not code:
                        # code may be an empty string if the file doesn't exist, OR
                        # if the traceback filename is generated dynamically
                        continue
                    lexer_name = self._guess_lexer(frame.filename, code)
                    syntax = Syntax(
                        code,
                        lexer_name,
                        theme=theme,
                        line_numbers=True,
                        line_range=(
                            frame.lineno - self.extra_lines,
                            frame.lineno + self.extra_lines,
                        ),
                        highlight_lines={frame.lineno},
                        word_wrap=self.word_wrap,
                        code_width=self.code_width,
                        indent_guides=self.indent_guides,
                        dedent=False,
                    )
                    yield ""
                except Exception as error:
                    yield Text.assemble(
                        (f"\n{error}", "traceback.error"),
                    )
                else:
                    if frame.last_instruction is not None:
                        start, end = frame.last_instruction

                        # Stylize a line at a time
                        # So that indentation isn't underlined (which looks bad)
                        for line1, column1, column2 in _iter_syntax_lines(start, end):
                            try:
                                if column1 == 0:
                                    line = code_lines[line1 - 1]
                                    column1 = len(line) - len(line.lstrip())
                                if column2 == -1:
                                    column2 = len(code_lines[line1 - 1])
                            except IndexError:
                                # Being defensive here
                                # If last_instruction reports a line out-of-bounds, we don't want to crash
                                continue

                            syntax.stylize_range(
                                style="traceback.error_range",
                                start=(line1, column1),
                                end=(line1, column2),
                            )
                    yield (
                        Columns(
                            [
                                syntax,
                                *render_locals(frame),
                            ],
                            padding=1,
                        )
                        if frame.locals
                        else syntax
                    )


if __name__ == "__main__":  # pragma: no cover
    install(show_locals=True)
    import sys

    def bar(
        a: Any,
    ) -> None:  # 这是对亚洲语言支持的测试。面对模棱两可的想法，拒绝猜测的诱惑
        one = 1
        print(one / a)

    def foo(a: Any) -> None:
        _rich_traceback_guard = True
        zed = {
            "characters": {
                "Paul Atreides",
                "Vladimir Harkonnen",
                "Thufir Hawat",
                "Duncan Idaho",
            },
            "atomic_types": (None, False, True),
        }
        bar(a)

    def error() -> None:
        foo(0)

    error()
Name	Size	Permission
__pycache__	---	0755
__init__.py	6090 bytes	0644
__main__.py	8477 bytes	0644
_cell_widths.py	10209 bytes	0644
_emoji_codes.py	140235 bytes	0644
_emoji_replace.py	1064 bytes	0644
_export_format.py	2128 bytes	0644
_extension.py	265 bytes	0644
_fileno.py	799 bytes	0644
_inspect.py	9655 bytes	0644
_log_render.py	3225 bytes	0644
_loop.py	1236 bytes	0644
_null_file.py	1394 bytes	0644
_palettes.py	7063 bytes	0644
_pick.py	423 bytes	0644
_ratio.py	5471 bytes	0644
_spinners.py	19919 bytes	0644
_stack.py	351 bytes	0644
_timer.py	417 bytes	0644
_win32_console.py	22755 bytes	0644
_windows.py	1925 bytes	0644
_windows_renderer.py	2783 bytes	0644
_wrap.py	3404 bytes	0644
abc.py	890 bytes	0644
align.py	10469 bytes	0644
ansi.py	6921 bytes	0644
bar.py	3263 bytes	0644
box.py	10831 bytes	0644
cells.py	5130 bytes	0644
color.py	18211 bytes	0644
color_triplet.py	1054 bytes	0644
columns.py	7131 bytes	0644
console.py	100565 bytes	0644
constrain.py	1288 bytes	0644
containers.py	5502 bytes	0644
control.py	6630 bytes	0644
default_styles.py	8257 bytes	0644
diagnose.py	998 bytes	0644
emoji.py	2501 bytes	0644
errors.py	642 bytes	0644
file_proxy.py	1683 bytes	0644
filesize.py	2484 bytes	0644
highlighter.py	9586 bytes	0644
json.py	5031 bytes	0644
jupyter.py	3252 bytes	0644
layout.py	14004 bytes	0644
live.py	14270 bytes	0644
live_render.py	3666 bytes	0644
logging.py	12458 bytes	0644
markup.py	8451 bytes	0644
measure.py	5305 bytes	0644
padding.py	4908 bytes	0644
pager.py	828 bytes	0644
palette.py	3396 bytes	0644
panel.py	11225 bytes	0644
pretty.py	36391 bytes	0644
progress.py	60357 bytes	0644
progress_bar.py	8162 bytes	0644
prompt.py	12447 bytes	0644
protocol.py	1391 bytes	0644
py.typed	0 bytes	0644
region.py	166 bytes	0644
repr.py	4431 bytes	0644
rule.py	4602 bytes	0644
scope.py	2843 bytes	0644
screen.py	1591 bytes	0644
segment.py	24743 bytes	0644
spinner.py	4364 bytes	0644
status.py	4424 bytes	0644
style.py	27059 bytes	0644
styled.py	1258 bytes	0644
syntax.py	35763 bytes	0644
table.py	40049 bytes	0644
terminal_theme.py	3370 bytes	0644
text.py	47552 bytes	0644
theme.py	3771 bytes	0644
themes.py	102 bytes	0644
traceback.py	35170 bytes	0644
tree.py	9451 bytes	0644
File Content: traceback.py

File Content: `traceback.py`
